June 16, 2026

Pronoun सर्वनाम - MPSC Complete Notes.

Pronoun सर्वनाम: 10 प्रकार, 25 Golden Rules + 100 Examples | MPSC, Police Bharti, Talathi Complete Notes 2026

विद्यार्थी मित्रांनो, MPSC, PSI, STI, ASO, Talathi, ZP, Police Bharti, SSC, Banking परीक्षेत "Pronoun सर्वनाम" यावर दरवर्षी 3-4 प्रश्न हमखास येतात. Error Spotting, Fill in the Blanks, Sentence Correction मध्ये Pronoun ची चूक विचारतात. Rule 123, Rule 231, Than/I vs Me, Each/Neither, Who/Whom, One-ones हे Most Imp टॉपिक आहेत. ही 5100+ शब्दांची संपूर्ण नोट्स वाचून 100% मार्क मिळवा.

1. Pronoun म्हणजे काय? व्याख्या व 3 महत्व

व्याख्या: वाक्यात नामाची पुनरावृत्ती टाळण्यासाठी नामाच्या ऐवजी जो शब्द वापरला जातो त्याला 'सर्वनाम Pronoun' म्हणतात. 'Pro' म्हणजे 'ऐवजी' आणि 'Noun' म्हणजे 'नाम'. म्हणजे Pro + Noun = Pronoun.

उदाहरण: Ram is a boy. Ram is intelligent. Ram goes to school. ❌ पुनरावृत्ती
Ram is a boy. He is intelligent. He goes to school. ✅ 'He' हे सर्वनाम वापरले.
फायदा: वाक्य लहान, सुंदर व स्पष्ट होते. पुनरावृत्ती टळते.

MPSC महत्व: 1. Error Spotting: Between you and I ❌ Me ✅. 2. Sentence Correction: It is me ❌ I ✅. 3. Fill in Blanks: Each of the boys ___ got a prize. Has ✅ Have ❌. 2015-2024 च्या सर्व MPSC PYQ मध्ये Pronoun वर 4+ प्रश्न आलेले आहेत.

2. Pronoun चे 10 मुख्य प्रकार - प्रत्येक 1 Mark साठी

A. Personal Pronoun पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम - MPSC Hot

जे सर्वनाम व्यक्तींच्या नावाऐवजी येते. याला 3 Persons व 3 Cases असतात. हा पाया आहे.

Person	Nominative कर्ता	Objective कर्म	Possessive Adj.	Possessive Pro.	Reflexive
1st Person बोलणारा	I, We	Me, Us	My, Our	Mine, Ours	Myself, Ourselves
2nd Person ऐकणारा	You	You	Your	Yours	Yourself, Yourselves
3rd Person ज्याबद्दल बोलणे	He, She, It, They	Him, Her, It, Them	His, Her, Its, Their	His, Hers, Its, Theirs	Himself, Herself, Itself, Themselves

MPSC Golden Rule 1: Preposition नंतर Objective Case
Between you and me ✅ Between you and I ❌
Let him go. ✅ Let he go. ❌
Everyone but him was present. ✅ Everyone but he ❌
Golden Rule 2: Than, As नंतर Nominative Case
He is taller than I. ✅ He is taller than me ❌ Spoken मध्ये चालते पण MPSC मध्ये I बरोबर.
She is as intelligent as she. ✅ her ❌

B. Possessive Pronoun संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम

मालकी दाखवणारे. यानंतर Noun येत नाही. Mine, Ours, Yours, His, Hers, Its, Theirs.

Possessive Adjective vs Pronoun:
This is my book. My = Possessive Adjective + Noun
This book is mine. Mine = Possessive Pronoun. Noun येत नाही.

MPSC Trap: Its vs It's - 100% येतो
Its = Possessive. The dog wagged its tail. कुत्र्याने त्याची शेपटी हलवली.
It's = It is / It has. It's raining. = It is raining. It's been long. = It has been long.
Trick: It's ला It is करून बघा. अर्थ लागला तर It's, नाही लागला तर Its.

C. Reflexive Pronoun आत्मवाचक सर्वनाम PSI Imp

जेव्हा कर्ता व कर्म एकच व्यक्ती असते तेव्हा वापरतात. -self / -selves ने शेवट.
Myself, Yourself, Himself, Herself, Itself, Ourselves, Yourselves, Themselves.

उदा: I hurt myself. She killed herself. They enjoyed themselves.

MPSC 5 नियम - Reflexive:
1. Subject Singular तर Reflexive Singular. I-myself, He-himself, She-herself.
2. Emphatic Use: कर्त्यावर जोर देण्यासाठी. I myself saw him. मी स्वतः पाहिले.
3. या Verbs नंतर Reflexive येते: Acquit, Avail, Absent, Resign, Apply, Enjoy, Pride, Exert.
He absented himself. ✅ He absented ❌
He availed himself of the chance. ✅
4. या Verbs नंतर Reflexive येत नाही: Keep, Stop, Turn, Qualify, Bathe, Move, Rest, Hide, Dress.
He qualified. ✅ He qualified himself ❌
5. Order: I, Myself and Ram will go. ❌ Rule 231 = 2nd, 3rd, 1st Person.
You, He and I will go. ✅

D. Demonstrative Pronoun दर्शक सर्वनाम

जवळच्या किंवा लांबच्या व्यक्ती/वस्तूकडे बोट दाखवणारे. This, That, These, Those, Such, Same, Yon, Yonder.

This/These: जवळचे. Singular-This, Plural-These. This is my pen. These are my books.
That/Those: लांबचे. Singular-That, Plural-Those. That is your house. Those are stars.

Pronoun vs Adjective:
This is my pen. 'This' = Demonstrative Pronoun. कारण नंतर Noun नाही. एकटेच वापरले.
This pen is mine. 'This' = Demonstrative Adjective. कारण नंतर 'pen' Noun आहे.

E. Interrogative Pronoun प्रश्नार्थक सर्वनाम

प्रश्न विचारण्यासाठी. Who, Whom, Whose, Which, What.

Who: कर्त्यासाठी. Who is there?
Whom: कर्मासाठी. Whom did you see? To whom are you talking?
Whose: मालकीसाठी. Whose book is this?
Which: मर्यादित पर्यायातून निवड. Which is your car? (2-3 गाड्या समोर असताना)
What: अमर्याद पर्याय. What is your name?

MPSC Rule: Preposition नंतर Whom येते, Who नाही.
To whom are you talking? ✅ To who are you talking? ❌
Who vs Whom Trick: उत्तर He/She असेल तर Who. उत्तर Him/Her असेल तर Whom.
Who is there? He is there. ✅ Whom is there? Him is there ❌

F. Relative Pronoun संबंधी सर्वनाम MPSC Hot

दोन वाक्ये जोडणारे व आधीच्या नामाशी (Antecedent) संबंध दाखवणारे. Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That, As, But.

Who: व्यक्तीसाठी कर्ता. The boy who is honest.
Whom: व्यक्तीसाठी कर्म. The boy whom I saw.
Whose: व्यक्ती/प्राणी मालकी. The boy whose father is a doctor.
Which: प्राणी/वस्तूसाठी. The book which is on the table.
That: व्यक्ती, प्राणी, वस्तू सर्वांसाठी. He is the boy that won.

MPSC Imp Rule of THAT - 100% येतो:
1. Superlative Degree नंतर फक्त That. He is the best student that I have ever seen. ✅ Which ❌
2. All, Any, None, Nothing, Only, Same, Few, Little, Much नंतर फक्त That.
All that glitters is not gold. ✅ Which ❌
This is the only book that I have. ✅ Which ❌
3. Interrogative Pronoun Who, Which, What नंतर That.
Who that saw him? ✅ Who which ❌
4. व्यक्ती + वस्तू दोन्ही एकत्र असेल तर That.
The boy and his dog that I saw. ✅ Which ❌

G. Indefinite Pronoun अनिश्चित सर्वनाम

अनिश्चित व्यक्ती/वस्तूसाठी. One, Someone, Anyone, Everyone, No one, All, Some, Many, Few, Both, Each, Either, Neither, Several, None.

MPSC 3 Rules - Indefinite:
1. Each, Either, Neither, Everyone, Anybody, Nobody, Somebody, Everybody = Singular.
Each of the students has a book. ✅ have ❌
Neither of the two boys is present. ✅ are ❌
2. Both, Few, Many, Several = Plural. Both are good. Many have come.
3. One of the + Plural Noun + Singular Verb:
One of the boys is absent. ✅ are ❌ कारण 'One' कर्ता आहे, 'boys' नाही.

H. Distributive Pronoun विभाग दर्शक

समूहातील प्रत्येक सदस्यासाठी वेगवेगळे. Each, Either, Neither.

Each: दोन किंवा जास्त. Each of the students. Singular Verb.
Either: दोघांपैकी एक. Either of the two boys. Singular Verb.
Neither: दोघांपैकी एकही नाही. Neither of them is present. Singular Verb.

I. Reciprocal Pronoun परस्परवाचक

परस्पर संबंध दाखवणारे. फक्त 2.
Each other: दोघांमध्ये. Ram and Sham help each other.
One another: दोघांपेक्षा जास्त मध्ये. We should love one another.

3. MPSC PYQ मधील 25 Golden Rules of Pronoun

Rule 123 - चूक कबूल करताना: I, You and He are guilty. 1st, 2nd, 3rd Person. Plural Verb.
Rule 231 - चांगल्या कामासाठी: You, He and I will go. 2nd, 3rd, 1st Person. Plural Verb.
Let, Between, But, Except नंतर Objective Case: Let me go. ✅ Let I ❌. Everyone but him. ✅ he ❌
It + Be Verb + Nominative Case: It is I who am to blame. ✅ It is me ❌
Than, As नंतर Nominative Case: He is better than I. ✅ He is better than me ❌ Spoken मध्ये चालते.
One - one's: One must respect one's country. ✅ his/her ❌
Everyone - his/her/their: Everyone must do his duty. Modern: his/her or their. MPSC मध्ये His चालतो.
Each, Either, Neither + Singular Verb: Each of the students has a book. ✅ have ❌
Both, Few, Many, Several + Plural Verb: Both are good. ✅ is ❌
One of the + Plural Noun + Singular Verb: One of the boys is absent. ✅ are ❌
None + Singular/Plural दोन्ही: None of the food is left. None of the students are present. दोन्ही बरोबर.
A number of + Plural Verb: A number of students are absent.
The number of + Singular Verb: The number of students is large.
Many a + Singular Noun + Singular Verb: Many a student is absent. ✅ are ❌
Who - कर्त्यासाठी, Whom - कर्मासाठी: Who is there? Whom did you see?
Preposition + Whom: To whom are you talking? ✅ To who ❌
Superlative + That: He is the best student that I know. ✅ Which ❌
All/Any/None/Only + That: All that glitters is not gold. ✅ Which ❌
Same + That: This is the same book that I lost. ✅ Which ❌
Who चा Antecedent व्यक्ती: The boy who is honest.
Which चा Antecedent वस्तू/प्राणी: The book which is new.
Whose - मालकी: The boy whose father is a doctor. Whose चा वापर वस्तूसाठी पण चालतो. The table whose leg is broken.
Each other - दोघे, One another - 2+ : Ram and Sham help each other. We should love one another.
Avail + Reflexive + of: He availed himself of the chance. ✅ He availed of ❌
Absent + Reflexive: He absented himself from class. ✅ He absented ❌
These Verbs Reflexive घेत नाहीत: Keep, Stop, Turn, Qualify, Bathe, Move, Rest, Hide. He qualified. ✅ He qualified himself ❌
Its vs It's: Its = Possessive. It's = It is/It has. The dog wagged its tail. It's raining.

4. MPSC सराव - 35 MCQ with Explanation

Let ___ go there.
A) he B) him C) his D) he himself
Ans: B Let नंतर Objective Case.
Between you and ___, he is a liar.
A) I B) me C) myself D) mine
Ans: B Preposition नंतर Objective.
One must do ___ duty.
A) his B) her C) one's D) their
Ans: C One नंतर one's.
It is ___ who is to blame.
A) me B) I C) myself D) mine
Ans: B Be Verb नंतर Nominative.
Each of the boys ___ got a prize.
A) have B) has C) are D) were
Ans: B Each + Singular Verb.
He is one of the soldiers who ___ died for country.
A) has B) have C) is D) was
Ans: B Who चा Antecedent 'soldiers' Plural.
Who did you give the book ___?
A) to B) to whom C) to who D) to which
Ans: B Preposition नंतर Whom.
Neither of the two pens ___ working.
A) are B) is C) were D) have
Ans: B Neither + Singular.
He is the best teacher ___ I have ever met.
A) which B) who C) that D) whom
Ans: C Superlative नंतर That.
I, you and he ___ guilty.
A) is B) am C) are D) was
Ans: C Rule 123, Plural Verb.
You, he and I ___ going to school.
A) is B) am C) are D) was
Ans: C Rule 231, Plural Verb.
All ___ glitters is not gold.
A) which B) that C) who D) whom
Ans: B All नंतर That.
Many a student ___ absent.
A) are B) is C) have D) were
Ans: B Many a + Singular.
The committee ___ divided in its opinion.
A) is B) are C) was D) has
Ans: B मतभेद असेल तर Plural.
None of the food ___ left.
A) is B) are C) have D) were
Ans: A Food Uncountable, Singular.
A number of students ___ absent.
A) is B) are C) was D) has
Ans: B A number of = Plural.
The number of students ___ large.
A) are B) is C) were D) have
Ans: B The number of = Singular.
Every student must bring ___ book.
A) their B) his C) her D) its
Ans: B Every + Singular. MPSC मध्ये His चालतो.
___ of the two boys is taller.
A) Each B) Every C) Either D) Neither
Ans: C दोघांपैकी एक = Either.
He absented ___ from class.
A) himself B) him C) his D) he
Ans: A Absent नंतर Reflexive.
He qualified ___ for the post.
A) himself B) --- C) his D) he
Ans: B Qualify नंतर Reflexive येत नाही.
I cannot agree ___ your proposal.
A) with B) to C) on D) for
Ans: B Agree to + Proposal/Plan.
There is no objection ___ my going there.
A) for B) to C) on D) at
Ans: B Objection to + Gerund + Possessive.
The dog wagged ___ tail.
A) it's B) its C) it D) his
Ans: B Its = Possessive.
___ raining.
A) Its B) It's C) It D) Is
Ans: B It's = It is.
Who ___ there?
A) is B) are C) am D) were
Ans: B Who नंतर Plural Verb येते कारण उत्तर They are there.
Which of these books is yours?
A) this B) that C) these D) those
Ans: C Books Plural, so These.
He and ___ are friends.
A) me B) I C) myself D) mine
Ans: B कर्त्याच्या जागी Nominative.
My friend and ___ went there.
A) me B) I C) myself D) mine
Ans: B कर्त्याच्या जागी Nominative.
___ of the students has done his work.
A) All B) Many C) Each D) Several
Ans: C Each + Singular Verb 'has'.
One of the boys ___ absent.
A) are B) is C) have D) were
Ans: B One of the + Plural Noun + Singular Verb.
He is one of the best students who ___ passed.
A) has B) have C) is D) was
Ans: B Who चा Antecedent 'students' Plural.
He is the only one of the students who ___ passed.
A) have B) has C) are D) were
Ans: B Who चा Antecedent 'one' Singular.
Avail yourself ___ this chance.
A) with B) of C) for D) to
Ans: B Avail + Reflexive + of.
He resigned ___ from the post.
A) himself B) him C) his D) he
Ans: A Resign नंतर Reflexive.

5. Pronoun च्या 15 चुका - MPSC मध्ये हमखास येणाऱ्या

चुकीचे	बरोबर	नियम
Between you and I	Between you and mePreposition + Objective
It is me	It is I	Be + Nominative
One should do his duty	One should do one's duty	One-ones
Each of the students have	Each of the students has	Each + Singular
He availed of the chance	He availed himself of the chance	Avail + Reflexive
He is the best which I know	He is the best that I know	Superlative + That
Who did you see?	Whom did you see?	कर्मासाठी Whom
The dog hurt itself's leg	The dog hurt its leg	Its = Possessive, Itself's नाही
Myself I saw him	I myself saw him	Emphatic: I myself
One of the boy is absent	One of the boys is absent	One of the + Plural
He qualified himself	He qualified	Qualify नंतर Reflexive नाही
I, You and He are friends	You, He and I are friends	Rule 231
You, He and I are guilty	I, You and He are guilty	Rule 123 चूक कबूल करताना
Either of the three boys	Any one of the three boys	Either = दोघांपैकी
Neither of the four boys	None of the four boys	Neither = दोघांपैकी नाही

6. Who vs Whom vs Whose - 2 मिनिटात फरक

Rule 1: Who = कर्ता (Subject). उत्तर He/She/They असेल तर Who.
Who is there? He is there. ✅
Rule 2: Whom = कर्म (Object). उत्तर Him/Her/Them असेल तर Whom.
Whom did you see? I saw him. ✅
Rule 3: Whose = मालकी (Possession). Whose book is this? This is his book. ✅
MPSC Trick: Preposition नंतर Whom. To whom are you talking? ✅ To who ❌
Shortcut: Who/Whom च्या जागी He/Him टाकून बघा. He = Who, Him = Whom.

7. One vs You - Indefinite Pronoun Confusion

Pronoun	वापर	उदाहरण
One	Formal, अनिश्चित व्यक्ती. One नंतर One's, Oneself.	One must do one's duty. ✅ his ❌
You	Informal, सर्वसामान्य व्यक्ती. You नंतर Your, Yourself.	You must do your duty. ✅ one's ❌

MPSC Trap: One must love his country. ❌ One must love one's country. ✅
You must love one's country. ❌ You must love your country. ✅
Rule: One...One's...Oneself. You...Your...Yourself. मिक्स करू नका.

8. Relative Pronoun च्या 5 अटी - That कधी वापरायचे?

Superlative Degree नंतर: He is the best student that I know. ✅ which ❌
All, Any, None, Nothing, Only, Same, Few, Little, Much नंतर:
All that glitters is not gold. ✅ which ❌
This is the only book that I have. ✅ which ❌
Interrogative Pronoun Who, Which, What नंतर: Who that saw him? ✅ which ❌
व्यक्ती + वस्तू एकत्र असतील तर: The boy and his dog that I saw. ✅ which ❌
Same + Noun + That: This is the same book that I lost. ✅ which ❌
Same + Noun + As: This is the same book as mine. (दुसरे पुस्तक)

9. Each vs Every - फरक 1 मिनिटात

Each	Every
1. दोन किंवा जास्त	1. तीन किंवा जास्त
2. Individual/व्यक्तिगत	2. Group/समूह
3. Each of the two boys	3. Every of the three ❌ Every + Noun
4. Each student has	4. Every student has

10. निष्कर्ष - Final Revision 5 Points

Pronoun हा MPSC, Police Bharti, Talathi मधील सर्वात महत्वाचा Grammar टॉपिक आहे. Personal Pronoun चे 3 Cases, Reflexive चे 5 नियम, Relative Pronoun च्या 5 अटी, Each/Every/Neither, One-Ones, Who/Whom/Whose हे 7 मुद्दे पाठ केले की 4 मार्क पक्के.

Golden Points for Exam - 1 दिवस आधी वाचा:
1. Preposition + Objective: Between you and me. Let him go.
2. Be Verb + Nominative: It is I. He is taller than I.
3. One...One's...Oneself: One must do one's duty.
4. Each/Either/Neither + Singular: Each of the boys has.
5. One of the + Plural + Singular: One of the boys is absent.
6. Superlative + That: He is the best student that I know.
7. All/Any/Only + That: All that glitters is not gold.
8. Avail + Reflexive + of: He availed himself of the chance.
9. Absent + Reflexive: He absented himself.
10. Rule 123/231: चूक = I, You and He. चांगले = You, He and I.

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