Adjective विशेषण - MPSC Complete Notes

1. Adjective म्हणजे काय? व्याख्या व महत्व

व्याख्या: वाक्यातील Noun नाम किंवा Pronoun सर्वनामाबद्दल अधिक माहिती सांगणाऱ्या शब्दाला 'Adjective विशेषण' म्हणतात. तो नामाची गुणवत्ता, संख्या, रंग, आकार, प्रकार इत्यादी दाखवतो.

उदाहरण: 1. Ram is a good boy. 'good' हे 'boy' या Noun चे विशेषण.
2. I have five books. 'five' हे 'books' ची संख्या दाखवते.
3. This is a red car. 'red' हा रंग दाखवतो.

MPSC महत्व: Degree, Order of Adjectives, Correct Usage हे Topic MPSC, Police Bharti, Talathi मध्ये दरवर्षी 3-4 प्रश्न येतात. Error Spotting मध्ये Adjective ची चूक हमखास विचारतात.

2. Adjective चे 8 मुख्य प्रकार - MPSC साठी

A. Adjective of Quality - गुणवाचक विशेषण

नामाची गुणवत्ता, गुण किंवा दोष दाखवणारे. What kind? या प्रश्नाचे उत्तर.
उदा: good, bad, beautiful, ugly, honest, rich, poor, small, big, Indian, square.

वाक्यात: She is a beautiful girl. Mumbai is a big city.

B. Adjective of Quantity - परिमाणवाचक विशेषण

अमोज्य Noun चे प्रमाण/परिमाण दाखवणारे. How much? या प्रश्नाचे उत्तर.
उदा: much, little, some, any, no, all, whole, enough, sufficient.

वाक्यात: I have some money. He has no sense. Give me little water.

MPSC Trap: Little vs Few
Little: Uncountable Noun साठी. little water, little knowledge. 'जवळजवळ नाही' असा Negative अर्थ.
A little: 'थोडे तरी आहे' Positive अर्थ. I have a little money.
Few: Countable Noun साठी. few books, few friends. 'जवळजवळ नाही'.
A few: 'काही तरी आहेत'. I have a few books.

C. Adjective of Number - संख्यावाचक विशेषण

मोजता येणाऱ्या Noun ची संख्या दाखवणारे. How many? या प्रश्नाचे उत्तर. याचे 3 उपप्रकार.

1. Definite Numeral: निश्चित संख्या. One, two, first, second, single, double.
Cardinal: One, two, three... Ordinal: First, second, third...
2. Indefinite Numeral: अनिश्चित संख्या. Many, few, some, several, all.
3. Distributive Numeral: प्रत्येकासाठी. Each, every, either, neither.

MPSC Rule: Each vs Every
Each: दोन किंवा जास्त, पण प्रत्येक वेगळा. Each boy was given a prize.
Every: तीन किंवा जास्त, सर्व एकत्रित. Every student must come.
Important: Each, Every नंतर Singular Noun + Singular Verb. Each student is present.

D. Demonstrative Adjective - दर्शक विशेषण

जवळच्या किंवा लांबच्या Noun कडे बोट दाखवणारे. This, That, These, Those, Such, Same.

उदा: This book is mine. Those boys are naughty. I like such people.

Pronoun vs Adjective:
This is my pen. 'This' = Demonstrative Pronoun. Noun नाही.
This pen is mine. 'This' = Demonstrative Adjective + Noun.

E. Interrogative Adjective - प्रश्नार्थक विशेषण

Noun च्या आधी येऊन प्रश्न विचारणारे. Which, What, Whose.

उदा: Which book do you want? What colour is it? Whose car is this?

Pronoun vs Adjective:
Which is your book? 'Which' = Interrogative Pronoun.
Which book is yours? 'Which' = Interrogative Adjective + Noun.

F. Possessive Adjective - संबंधवाचक विशेषण

मालकी दाखवणारे व Noun च्या आधी येणारे. My, Our, Your, His, Her, Its, Their.

उदा: This is my book. Their house is big.

MPSC Trap: Possessive Adjective vs Possessive Pronoun
My, Your, His... = Possessive Adjective. नंतर Noun हवे. This is my pen.
Mine, Yours, His... = Possessive Pronoun. नंतर Noun नको. This pen is mine.

G. Exclamatory Adjective - उद्गारवाचक विशेषण

आश्चर्य किंवा भावना व्यक्त करणारे. फक्त 'What' हा शब्द Noun च्या आधी आल्यास.

उदा: What a beautiful scene! What an idea! What a fool he is!

H. Proper Adjective - नामविशेषण

Proper Noun पासून बनलेले Adjective. नेहमी Capital Letter ने सुरू.

उदा: India - Indian culture. America - American car. Shakespeare - Shakespearean drama.

3. Degrees of Comparison - तुलनेच्या 3 अवस्था - MPSC Hot Topic

Adjective च्या 3 अवस्था असतात. Positive, Comparative, Superlative.

Positive Degree	Comparative Degree	Superlative Degree	वापर
Tall	Taller	Tallest	1 व्यक्ती/वस्तू, 2 ची तुलना, 2+ ची तुलना
Beautiful	More beautiful	Most beautiful	2+ Syllable शब्दांना More/Most
Good	Better	Best	Irregular Forms
Bad	Worse	Worst	Irregular Forms

Degree चे 10 MPSC Rules:

Positive Degree: as...as, so...as. He is as tall as Ram. He is not so tall as Ram.
Comparative Degree: Than वापरतात. Ram is taller than Sham.
Superlative Degree: The वापरतात. Ram is the tallest boy in the class.
Double Comparative/Superlative नको: More better ❌ Better ✅. Most tallest ❌ Tallest ✅.
Than नंतर Nominative Case: He is taller than I. ✅ Me ❌ Spoken मध्ये चालते पण MPSC मध्ये I.
Prefer to: Prefer नंतर 'to' येते, 'than' नाही. I prefer tea to coffee. ✅ than ❌
Senior/Junior/Superior/Inferior/Elder: यानंतर 'to' येते. He is senior to me. ✅ than ❌
Two ची तुलना Comparative: Of the two boys, Ram is the taller. ✅ tallest ❌
3+ ची तुलना Superlative: He is the best student in the class.
Change of Degree: No other boy in the class is as tall as Ram = Ram is taller than any other boy = Ram is the tallest boy. हे रूपांतर MPSC मध्ये विचारतात.

4. Order of Adjectives - OSASCOMP Rule - Police Bharti Imp

एका Noun च्या आधी 2 पेक्षा जास्त Adjective आल्यास कोणता आधी व कोणता नंतर? यासाठी OSASCOMP Rule.

O - Opinion: beautiful, ugly, good, bad
S - Size: big, small, tall, short
A - Age: old, new, young, ancient
S - Shape: round, square, flat
C - Colour: red, blue, green
O - Origin: Indian, American, Chinese
M - Material: wooden, golden, plastic
P - Purpose: sleeping bag, tennis ball

उदा: A beautiful big old round red Indian wooden table. ✅
A red big Indian table ❌ Order चुकला.

5. Adjective च्या 25 चुका - MPSC Error Spotting

चुकीचे	बरोबर	नियम
He is more taller than I	He is taller than I	Double Comparative नको
She is the most beautifulest	She is the most beautiful	Double Superlative नको
I have few money	I have little money	Money Uncountable, so Little
Each students are present	Each student is present	Each + Singular
He is senior than me	He is senior to me	Senior to
This are my books	These are my books	Books Plural, so These
Which is your book?	Which book is yours?	Interrogative Adjective + Noun
He is my elder brother than you	He is my older brother than you	Elder = कुटुंबात, Older = तुलना
The two first chapters	The first two chapters	Ordinal आधी, Cardinal नंतर
I have a ten-rupees note	I have a ten-rupee note	Compound Adjective Singular

6. MPSC सराव - 30 MCQ with Explanation

He is the ___ boy in the class.
A) taller B) tallest C) more tall D) most tall
Ans: B Superlative, The + est.
Ram is ___ than Sham.
A) intelligent B) more intelligent C) most intelligent D) intelligenter
Ans: B 2+ syllable, so More.
I have ___ money to buy a car.
A) few B) a few C) little D) a little
Ans: C Money Uncountable, 'जवळजवळ नाही' Negative.
___ student must work hard.
A) Each B) Every C) All D) Both
Ans: B Every + Singular Noun.
He is senior ___ me.
A) than B) to C) from D) of
Ans: B Senior to.
___ books are yours?
A) Which B) What C) Whose D) Who
Ans: A Which + Noun = Interrogative Adjective.
This is a ___ building.
A) stone old big B) big old stone C) old big stone D) big stone old
Ans: B OSASCOMP: Size-Age-Material.
No other city in India is as big as Mumbai. (Comparative)
A) Mumbai is bigger than any other city B) Mumbai is bigger than other city C) Mumbai is biggest D) All
Ans: A Any other city.
I prefer coffee ___ tea.
A) than B) to C) over D) from
Ans: B Prefer to.
He is my ___ brother.
A) elder B) older C) eldest D) oldest
Ans: A कुटुंबातील नात्यासाठी Elder.
___ of the two boys is taller.
A) Each B) Every C) Either D) Neither
Ans: C दोघांपैकी एक, Either.
She has ___ friends in Mumbai.
A) few B) a few C) little D) a little
Ans: B Friends Countable, 'काही तरी आहेत' Positive.
This is the ___ idea I have ever heard.
A) worse B) worst C) bad D) most bad
Ans: B Superlative, The + worst.
I have a ___ story book.
A) hundred pages B) hundred page C) hundreds pages D) hundred-paged
Ans: B Compound Adjective Singular.
___ pen is yours, this or that?
A) Which B) What C) Whose D) Where
Ans: A मर्यादित पर्याय, Which.

MPSC Final Tip: Adjective मध्ये Degree, Each-Every, Little-Few, Senior to, Prefer to, OSASCOMP हे 6 Topic 100% येतात.
Revision: ही Post 3 वेळा वाचा. Adjective वर 4 Mark पक्के.

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Wednesday, June 17, 2026