English Grammar: Articles (A, An, The) Complete Notes
परिचय
Articles हे English Grammar मधील अत्यंत महत्त्वाचे घटक आहेत. Police Bharti, Talathi, MPSC, SSC, Banking, Railway आणि इतर स्पर्धा परीक्षांमध्ये Articles वर आधारित प्रश्न नेहमी विचारले जातात. Noun च्या आधी येणारे A, An आणि The यांना Articles म्हणतात.
Articles चे प्रकार
| Type | Articles | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Indefinite Articles | A, An | अनिश्चित व्यक्ती, वस्तू किंवा ठिकाण |
| Definite Article | The | विशिष्ट व्यक्ती, वस्तू किंवा ठिकाण |
1. Article "A"
"A" हा Article Consonant (व्यंजन) Sound ने सुरू होणाऱ्या शब्दांपूर्वी वापरला जातो.
Examples
- A boy
- A girl
- A pen
- A university
- A European country
महत्त्वाचा नियम
लक्षात ठेवा: Article हा अक्षरावर नाही तर SOUND वर अवलंबून असतो.
| Word | Article | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| University | A University | "यू" Sound |
| European | A European | "यु" Sound |
| One Rupee Coin | A One Rupee Coin | "वन" मध्ये W Sound |
2. Article "An"
Vowel {A,E,I,O,U (स्वर)} Sound ने सुरू होणाऱ्या शब्दांपूर्वी An वापरतात.
Examples
- An Apple
- An Orange
- An Egg
- An Honest Man
- An MBA Student
Silent H Rule
| Word | Correct Form |
|---|---|
| Honest | An Honest Man |
| Hour | An Hour |
| Heir | An Heir |
| Honor | An Honor |
A vs An Short Trick
पहिले अक्षर पाहू नका. पहिला आवाज (Sound) ऐका.
| Sound | Article |
|---|---|
| Vowel Sound (स्वर) | An |
| Consonant Sound(व्यंजन) | A |
3. Article "The"
विशिष्ट व्यक्ती, वस्तू, जागा किंवा आधी उल्लेख झालेल्या गोष्टीसाठी The वापरतात.
Examples
- The Sun
- The Moon
- The Earth
- The Taj Mahal
- The Indian Ocean
The वापरण्याचे सर्व नियम
Rule 1: Unique Things
- The Sun
- The Moon
- The Sky
- The Earth
Rule 2: Rivers
- The Ganga
- The Godavari
- The Krishna
Rule 3: Seas & Oceans
- The Arabian Sea
- The Indian Ocean
- The Pacific Ocean
Rule 4: Mountain Ranges
- The Himalayas
- The Alps
Rule 5: Holy Books
- The Bhagavad Gita
- The Quran
- The Bible
Rule 6: Newspapers
- The Hindu
- The Times of India
- The Indian Express
Rule 7: Historical Buildings
- The Taj Mahal
- The Red Fort
Rule 8: Superlative Degree
| Sentence |
|---|
| Rahul is the tallest boy. |
| She is the best player. |
Rule 9: Ordinal Numbers
- The First
- The Second
- The Third
Rule 10: Musical Instruments
- The Guitar
- The Piano
- The Tabla
Rule 11: Adjective as a Class
- The Rich
- The Poor
- The Blind
- The Elderly
Rule 12: Direction Names
- The East
- The West
- The North
- The South
जेथे The वापरत नाही
| Noun | Example |
|---|---|
| Languages | I know English. |
| Subjects | Mathematics is easy. |
| Games | He plays cricket. |
| Meals | We had lunch. |
| Months | January is cold. |
| Days | Sunday is a holiday. |
Zero Article
जेथे कोणताही Article वापरला जात नाही त्याला Zero Article म्हणतात.
Examples
- Gold is precious.
- Milk is healthy.
- Water is essential.
- Honesty is the best policy.
Most Important Exam Rules
| Correct✅ | Wrong ❌ |
|---|---|
| An Hour | A Hour |
| A University | An University |
| An MBA | A MBA |
| The Ganga | Ganga |
| The Himalayas | Himalayas |
Short Tricks For Competitive Exams
Trick 1
A/E/I/O/U पाहू नका. Sound ऐका. Vowel Sound = An Consonant Sound = A
Trick 2
River, Sea, Ocean, Mountain Range, Newspaper, Holy Book = नेहमी The
Trick 3
Language, Subject, Game, Meal = Article नाही.
Trick 4
Superlative Degree दिसली की The आठवा.
Trick 5
First, Second, Third = The वापरा.
Important Examples
- I saw a boy.
- She bought an umbrella.
- The sun rises in the east.
- An honest man is respected.
- A university student works hard.
- The Ganga is sacred.
- The Himalayas are majestic.
- He plays cricket.
- She studies English.
- The Taj Mahal is beautiful.
- An MBA graduate got a job.
- A European visited India.
- The Indian Ocean is vast.
- The Bible is a holy book.
- The rich should help the poor.
- Gold is valuable.
- Milk is nutritious.
- The first chapter is easy.
- Rahul is the tallest boy.
- An hour passed quickly.
Exam-Oriented Summary
| Rule | Article |
|---|---|
| Consonant Sound | A |
| Vowel Sound | An |
| Specific Person/Thing | The |
| Rivers | The |
| Oceans | The |
| Mountain Ranges | The |
| Holy Books | The |
| Languages | No Article |
| Games | No Article |
| Meals | No Article |
Conclusion
Articles हा English Grammar मधील अत्यंत स्कोअरिंग टॉपिक आहे. A, An आणि The यांचे Sound Based Rules, The चे Special Uses आणि Zero Article चे Rules व्यवस्थित लक्षात ठेवले तर स्पर्धा परीक्षांमध्ये Articles वरचे जवळपास सर्व प्रश्न सोडवता येतात.
Rule 1: Bed, Church, School, College, Hospital, Prison
मुख्य उद्देशासाठी वापरल्यास Article लागत नाही.
- He is in bed. (झोपलेला आहे)
- Children go to school.
- She is in hospital.
- He was sent to prison.
- They go to church.
इमारत म्हणून उल्लेख केल्यास The वापरतात.
- I visited the hospital.
- The school is very large.
- The church is old.
Rule 2: Rank आणि Position
- He was elected President. ✅
- She became Principal. ✅
विशिष्ट व्यक्ती असल्यास:
- The President of India. ✅
- The Principal of the college. ✅
Rule 3: Proper Noun Before Common Noun
- Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India.
- Mumbai is the Manchester of India.
Rule 4: Musical Instruments
- He plays the guitar.
- She plays the piano.
- I can play the violin.
Rule 5: Inventions
- The telephone was invented by Bell.
- The computer changed the world.
- The internet transformed communication.
Rule 6: Body Parts
- He was hit on the head.
- The thief caught him by the arm.
- She hurt the leg.
Rule 7: Comparative Degree
- The more you study, the more you learn.
- The sooner, the better.
- The higher you go, the cooler it becomes.
Rule 8: Article with Adjective + Noun
- A useful book.
- An honest officer.
- A European country.
- An MBA student.
Rule 9: Abbreviations
| Correct | Reason |
|---|---|
| An MLA | एम = Vowel Sound |
| An MP | एम = Vowel Sound |
| An FIR | एफ = Vowel Sound |
| A UFO | यू = Consonant Sound |
| A UPSC Aspirant | यू = Consonant Sound |
Rule 10: Unique Exam Shortcut
A/An ठरवताना: पहिला आवाज (Sound) पहा. पहिले अक्षर (Letter) कधीही पाहू नका.
THE ठरवताना: जर गोष्ट Unique, Specific किंवा World Famous असेल, तर THE वापरण्याची शक्यता जास्त असते.