Adjective विशेषण: 8 प्रकार, Degrees, OSASCOMP Rule + 100 Examples | MPSC, Police Bharti Complete Notes 2026
1. Adjective म्हणजे काय? व्याख्या व 3 महत्व
व्याख्या: वाक्यातील Noun नाम किंवा Pronoun सर्वनामाबद्दल अधिक माहिती सांगणाऱ्या शब्दाला 'Adjective विशेषण' म्हणतात. तो नामाची गुणवत्ता, संख्या, रंग, आकार, प्रकार, मालकी इत्यादी दाखवतो.
2. I have five books. 'five' हे 'books' ची संख्या दाखवते.
3. This is a red car. 'red' हा रंग दाखवतो.
4. Indian culture is great. 'Indian' हे Proper Adjective.
MPSC महत्व: 1. Error Spotting मध्ये Adjective ची चूक हमखास. 2. Degree Change - Positive ते Comparative ते Superlative. 3. Order of Adjectives - OSASCOMP Rule. 4. Confusing Pairs - Little/Few, Each/Every, Elder/Older.
2. Adjective चे 8 मुख्य प्रकार - प्रत्येक 1 Mark साठी
A. Adjective of Quality - गुणवाचक विशेषण
नामाची गुणवत्ता, गुण किंवा दोष दाखवणारे. What kind? या प्रश्नाचे उत्तर. सर्वात जास्त
वापरले जाणारे.
उदा: good, bad, beautiful, ugly, honest, rich, poor, small, big, Indian, square, round, tall, short, clever,
foolish.
वाक्यात: She is a beautiful girl. Mumbai is a big city. He is an honest man.
B. Adjective of Quantity - परिमाणवाचक विशेषण MPSC Hot
अमोज्य Noun चे प्रमाण/परिमाण दाखवणारे. How much? या प्रश्नाचे उत्तर.
उदा: much, little, some, any, no, all, whole, enough, sufficient, half, great, a lot of.
वाक्यात: I have some money. He has no sense. Give me little water. There is much sugar in tea.
1. Little: Uncountable Noun साठी. 'जवळजवळ नाही' असा Negative अर्थ. I have little money = माझ्याकडे जवळजवळ पैसे नाहीत.
2. A little: Uncountable Noun साठी. 'थोडे तरी आहे' Positive अर्थ. I have a little money = काही पैसे तरी आहेत.
3. Few: Countable Noun साठी. 'जवळजवळ नाही' Negative. I have few books = माझ्याकडे जवळजवळ पुस्तके नाहीत.
4. A few: Countable Noun साठी. 'काही तरी आहेत' Positive. I have a few books = काही पुस्तके तरी आहेत.
Rule: Little/A little + Uncountable. Few/A few + Countable Plural.
C. Adjective of Number - संख्यावाचक विशेषण Police Bharti
मोजता येणाऱ्या Noun ची संख्या दाखवणारे. How many? या प्रश्नाचे उत्तर. याचे 3 उपप्रकार.
1. Definite Numeral: निश्चित संख्या.
Cardinal: One, two, three, four... Ordinal: First, second, third, fourth...
Multiplicative: Single, double, triple, fourfold.
उदा: I have two pens. This is the first chapter. A double bed.
2. Indefinite Numeral: अनिश्चित संख्या. Many, few, some, several, all, certain,
numerous.
उदा: Many students were absent. Several people died. All men are mortal.
3. Distributive Numeral: प्रत्येकासाठी, वाटप दाखवणारे. Each, every, either, neither.
उदा: Each boy was given a prize. Every student must work hard. Either pen will do.
Each: दोन किंवा जास्त, पण प्रत्येक वेगळा/Individual. Each boy was given a prize. Each of the two boys.
Every: तीन किंवा जास्त, सर्व एकत्रित/Group. Every student must come. Every of the three ❌
Important: Each, Every, Either, Neither नंतर Singular Noun + Singular Verb. Each student is present. ✅ Each students are ❌
D. Demonstrative Adjective - दर्शक विशेषण
जवळच्या किंवा लांबच्या Noun कडे बोट दाखवणारे, निर्देश करणारे. This, That, These, Those, Such, Same, Yon, Yonder.
उदा: This book is mine. Those boys are naughty. I like such people. Yon tree is big.
This is my pen. 'This' = Demonstrative Pronoun. कारण नंतर Noun नाही. एकटेच वापरले.
This pen is mine. 'This' = Demonstrative Adjective. कारण नंतर 'pen' Noun आहे.
Rule: This/That/These/Those + Noun = Adjective. This/That/These/Those एकटे = Pronoun.
E. Interrogative Adjective - प्रश्नार्थक विशेषण
Noun च्या आधी येऊन प्रश्न विचारणारे. Which, What, Whose.
उदा: Which book do you want? What colour is it? Whose car is this?
Pronoun vs Adjective:
Which is your book? 'Which' = Interrogative Pronoun.
Which book is yours? 'Which' = Interrogative Adjective + Noun.
F. Possessive Adjective - संबंधवाचक विशेषण Talathi
मालकी दाखवणारे व Noun च्या आधी येणारे. My, Our, Your, His, Her, Its, Their.
उदा: This is my book. Their house is big. Its colour is red.
My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their = Possessive Adjective. नंतर Noun हवे. This is my pen.
Mine, Yours, His, Hers, Its, Ours, Theirs = Possessive Pronoun. नंतर Noun नको. This pen is mine.
Imp: Its = Adjective. It's = It is / It has. His = Adjective व Pronoun दोन्ही.
G. Exclamatory Adjective - उद्गारवाचक विशेषण
आश्चर्य, आनंद, दुःख भावना व्यक्त करणारे. फक्त 'What' हा शब्द Noun च्या आधी आल्यास Exclamatory Adjective होतो.
उदा: What a beautiful scene! What an idea! What a fool he is! What nonsense!
H. Proper Adjective - नामविशेषण
Proper Noun पासून बनलेले Adjective. नेहमी Capital Letter ने सुरू होते.
उदा: India - Indian culture. America - American car. Shakespeare - Shakespearean drama. China - Chinese food. Victoria - Victorian age.
3. Degrees of Comparison - तुलनेच्या 3 अवस्था - MPSC Hot Topic
Adjective च्या 3 अवस्था असतात. Positive, Comparative, Superlative. फक्त Adjective of Quality ला Degrees असतात.
| Positive Degree | Comparative Degree | Superlative Degree | वापर |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tall | Taller | Tallest | 1 व्यक्ती, 2 ची तुलना, 2+ ची तुलना |
| Beautiful | More beautiful | Most beautiful | 2+ Syllable शब्दांना More/Most |
| Good | Better | Best | Irregular Forms - पाठ करा |
| Bad | Worse | Worst | Irregular Forms |
| Little | Less/Lesser | Least | प्रमाण |
| Much/Many | More | Most | संख्या/प्रमाण |
| Far | Farther/Further | Farthest/Furthest | Farther = अंतर. Further = अतिरिक्त |
| Old | Older/Elder | Oldest/Eldest | Elder = कुटुंबात. Older = तुलना |
Degree चे 15 MPSC Rules - Error Spotting साठी
- Rule 1 - Positive Degree: as...as (होकारार्थी), so...as (नकारार्थी). He is as tall as Ram. He is not so tall as Ram.
- Rule 2 - Comparative Degree: Than वापरतात. Ram is taller than Sham. Than नंतर Nominative Case. than I ✅ than me ❌
- Rule 3 - Superlative Degree: The वापरतात. Ram is the tallest boy in the class. In + singular, Of + plural.
- Rule 4 - Double Comparative/Superlative नको: More better ❌ Better ✅. Most tallest ❌ Tallest ✅. More preferable ❌ Preferable ✅
- Rule 5 - Prefer to: Prefer नंतर 'to' येते, 'than' नाही. I prefer tea to coffee. ✅ than ❌
- Rule 6 - Senior/Junior/Superior/Inferior/Prior/Anterior/Posterior: यानंतर 'to' येते. He is senior to me. ✅ than ❌ Latin Comparatives.
- Rule 7 - Two ची तुलना Comparative: Of the two boys, Ram is the taller. ✅ tallest ❌ कारण दोनच आहेत.
- Rule 8 - 3+ ची तुलना Superlative: He is the best student in the class.
- Rule 9 - Change of Degree: No other boy in the class is as tall as Ram (Positive) = Ram is taller than any other boy (Comparative) = Ram is the tallest boy (Superlative). हे रूपांतर MPSC मध्ये विचारतात.
- Rule 10 - Elder vs Older: Elder = कुटुंबातील नात्यासाठी. My elder brother. Older = वयाची तुलना. Ram is older than Sham. Elder ला Than लागत नाही.
- Rule 11 - Farther vs Further: Farther = भौतिक अंतर. Mumbai is farther than Pune. Further = अतिरिक्त, पुढील. Further discussion.
- Rule 12 - Later/Latest vs Latter/Last: Later/Latest = वेळ. I will come later. Latter/Last = क्रम. Ram and Sham, the latter is clever.
- Rule 13 - Comparative + Than any other: Ram is taller than any other boy. ✅ any other student ❌ कारण Ram स्वतः student आहे.
- Rule 14 - One of the + Superlative + Plural Noun: He is one of the tallest boys. ✅ boy ❌
- Rule 15 - Comparatively: Comparatively नंतर Positive Degree येते. The weather is comparatively good. ✅ better ❌
4. Order of Adjectives - OSASCOMP Rule - Police Bharti Imp
एका Noun च्या आधी 2 पेक्षा जास्त Adjective आल्यास कोणता आधी व कोणता नंतर? यासाठी OSASCOMP Rule. हा क्रम लक्षात ठेवा.
S - Size: big, small, tall, short, huge, tiny
A - Age: old, new, young, ancient, modern
S - Shape: round, square, flat, rectangular
C - Colour: red, blue, green, black, white
O - Origin: Indian, American, Chinese, Maharashtrian
M - Material: wooden, golden, plastic, silver, iron
P - Purpose: sleeping bag, tennis ball, walking stick
उदा: A beautiful big old round red Indian wooden table. ✅
A red big Indian table ❌ Order चुकला. Correct: A big red Indian table.
MPSC Trick: फक्त 2-3 Adjective असले तरी OSASCOMP क्रम पाळा. A lovely small house. Opinion + Size.
5. Adjective च्या 30 चुका - MPSC Error Spotting
| चुकीचे वाक्य | बरोबर वाक्य | नियम |
|---|---|---|
| He is more taller than I | He is taller than I | Double Comparative नको |
| She is the most beautifulest | She is the most beautiful | Double Superlative नको |
| I have few money | I have little money | Money Uncountable, so Little |
| Each students are present | Each student is present | Each + Singular |
| He is senior than me | He is senior to me | Senior to |
| This are my books | These are my books | Books Plural, so These |
| Which is your book? | Which book is yours? | Interrogative Adjective + Noun |
| He is my elder brother than you | He is my older brother than you | Elder = कुटुंबात. Older = तुलना |
| The two first chapters | The first two chapters | Ordinal आधी, Cardinal नंतर |
| I have a ten-rupees note | I have a ten-rupee note | Compound Adjective Singular |
| I prefer coffee than tea | I prefer coffee to tea | Prefer to |
| Of the two, he is the tallest | Of the two, he is the taller | Two ची तुलना Comparative |
| He is one of the best student | He is one of the best students | One of the + Plural Noun |
| The weather is comparatively better | The weather is comparatively good | Comparatively + Positive |
| I have a red big car | I have a big red car | OSASCOMP: Size + Colour |
6. MPSC सराव - 35 MCQ with Explanation
- He is the ___ boy in the class.
A) taller B) tallest C) more tall D) most tall
Ans: B Superlative, The + est. Class = 2+ students. - Ram is ___ than Sham.
A) intelligent B) more intelligent C) most intelligent D) intelligenter
Ans: B 2+ syllable, so More + Adjective. - I have ___ money to buy a car.
A) few B) a few C) little D) a little
Ans: C Money Uncountable, 'जवळजवळ नाही' Negative. - ___ student must work hard.
A) Each B) Every C) All D) Both
Ans: B Every + Singular Noun. All student ❌ - He is senior ___ me.
A) than B) to C) from D) of
Ans: B Senior/Junior/Superior/Inferior + to. - ___ books are yours?
A) Which B) What C) Whose D) Who
Ans: A Which + Noun = Interrogative Adjective. - This is a ___ building.
A) stone old big B) big old stone C) old big stone D) big stone old
Ans: B OSASCOMP: Size-Age-Material. - No other city in India is as big as Mumbai. (Comparative)
A) Mumbai is bigger than any other city B) Mumbai is bigger than other city C) Mumbai is biggest D) All
Ans: A Any other city. - I prefer coffee ___ tea.
A) than B) to C) over D) from
Ans: B Prefer to. - He is my ___ brother.
A) elder B) older C) eldest D) oldest
Ans: A कुटुंबातील नात्यासाठी Elder. - ___ of the two boys is taller.
A) Each B) Every C) Either D) Neither
Ans: C दोघांपैकी एक, Either. - She has ___ friends in Mumbai.
A) few B) a few C) little D) a little
Ans: B Friends Countable, 'काही तरी आहेत' Positive. - This is the ___ idea I have ever heard.
A) worse B) worst C) bad D) most bad
Ans: B Superlative, The + worst. - I have a ___ story book.
A) hundred pages B) hundred page C) hundreds pages D) hundred-paged
Ans: B Compound Adjective Singular. - ___ pen is yours, this or that?
A) Which B) What C) Whose D) Where
Ans: A मर्यादित पर्याय, Which. - He is ___ than I.
A) strong B) stronger C) strongest D) more strong
- The weather is ___ today than yesterday.
A) good B) better C) best D) more good
Ans: B Comparative. Good-Better-Best. - She is the ___ girl I have ever seen.
A) more beautiful B) most beautiful C) beautiful D) beautifullest
Ans: B Superlative. 2+ syllable = Most. - I have ___ friends, so I am lonely.
A) few B) a few C) little D) a little
Ans: A 'जवळजवळ नाही' Negative, so Few. - ___ the students passed the exam.
A) Each B) Every C) All D) Either
Ans: C All + Plural. Each/Every + Singular. - He is ___ than any other boy in the class.
A) tall B) taller C) tallest D) most tall
Ans: B Than any other = Comparative. - This is an ___ house.
A) old big Indian B) big old Indian C) Indian big old D) old Indian big
Ans: B OSASCOMP: Size-Age-Origin. - ___ boys are absent today.
A) Much B) Many C) Little D) A little
Ans: B Boys Countable, so Many. - There is ___ sugar in the tea.
A) many B) few C) much D) a few
Ans: C Sugar Uncountable, so Much. - He is ___ of the two.
A) wise B) the wiser C) the wisest D) more wise
Ans: B Two ची तुलना = Comparative + the. - She is my ___ sister.
A) older B) elder C) eldest D) oldest
Ans: B कुटुंबात Elder. - I have ___ work to do.
A) many B) much C) few D) several
Ans: B Work Uncountable, so Much. - ___ girl is beautiful.
A) Each B) Every C) All D) Some
Ans: B Every + Singular. - This is the ___ news.
A) late B) later C) latest D) last
Ans: C Latest = सर्वात नवीन बातमी. Last = शेवटची. - He is ___ than I thought.
A) clever B) cleverer C) cleverest D) more clever
Ans: B Comparative + than. - ___ the students have failed.
A) Each B) Every C) Either D) Neither
Ans: D दोघेही नाही = Neither. - I don't have ___ money.
A) many B) much C) few D) several
Ans: B Money Uncountable, Negative = Much. - She is ___ than her sister.
A) pretty B) prettier C) prettiest D) more pretty
Ans: B Comparative + er. - ___ person can solve this.
A) Each B) Every C) Either D) Any
Ans: D कोणीही = Any person. - This is the ___ building in the city.
A) high B) higher C) highest D) most high
Ans: C Superlative + the.
7. 50 Important Adjectives - MPSC Vocab List
| Adjective | Meaning | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abundant | विपुल | Plentiful, Ample | Scarce, Meager |
| Benevolent | परोपकारी | Kind, Generous | Malevolent, Cruel |
| Cautious | सावध | Careful, Wary | Reckless, Careless |
| Diligent | मेहनती | Hardworking, Industrious | Lazy, Idle |
| Eloquent | वक्तृत्ववान | Articulate, Fluent | Inarticulate |
| Frugal | काटकसरी | Thrifty, Economical | Extravagant, Wasteful |
| Genuine | खरा, अस्सल | Authentic, Real | Fake, Spurious |
| Humble | नम्र | Modest, Meek | Arrogant, Proud |
| Immense | अफाट, प्रचंड | Huge, Enormous | Tiny, Minute |
| Jubilant | आनंदी | Joyful, Elated | Depressed, Gloomy |
8. Formation of Adjectives - विशेषण कसे बनतात?
| Noun | Adjective | Noun | Adjective |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beauty | Beautiful | Danger | Dangerous |
| Courage | Courageous | Fame | Famous |
| Nation | National | Glory | Glorious |
| Gold | Golden | Wood | Wooden |
| Child | Childish/Childlike | King | Kingly |
9. Adjective used as Noun - विशेषणाचे नाम
कधी कधी Adjective नंतर Noun नसेल तर ते Adjective Noun बनते व Plural होते. The + Adjective = Plural Noun.
उदा: 1. The rich = श्रीमंत लोक. The poor = गरीब लोक. The blind =
आंधळे लोक.
2. The young should respect the old. तरुणांनी वृद्धांचा आदर करावा.
3. The unemployed are increasing. बेरोजगार वाढत आहेत.
10. निष्कर्ष - Final Revision
Adjective हा MPSC, Police Bharti, Talathi मधील सर्वात महत्वाचा Grammar टॉपिक आहे. 8 प्रकार, Degrees, OSASCOMP, Each/Every, Little/Few, Senior to, Prefer to हे 7 मुद्दे पाठ केले की 4 मार्क पक्के. Error Spotting मध्ये Double Comparative, Each + Singular, Senior to, Prefer to हे हमखास येतात.
1. Adjective = Noun/Pronoun ची विशेषता. Adverb = Verb ची विशेषता.
2. Little/A little + Uncountable. Few/A few + Countable.
3. Each/Every/Either/Neither + Singular Noun + Singular Verb.
4. Senior/Junior/Superior/Inferior/Prior + to.
5. Prefer + to.
6. Two ची तुलना = Comparative + the. Of the two boys, Ram is the taller.
7. OSASCOMP = Opinion-Size-Age-Shape-Colour-Origin-Material-Purpose.
8. Double Comparative/Superlative नको. More better ❌
9. One of the + Superlative + Plural Noun. One of the tallest boys.
10. Than नंतर Nominative Case. He is taller than I.
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