नफा-तोटा 1 सेकंदात ZP 1 Mark PDF | MPSC, Police Bharti, Talathi Exam

English Noun नाम: 8 प्रकार, Plural Rules, Gender, Case + 150 Examples | MPSC, Police Bharti Complete Notes 2026

विद्यार्थी मित्रांनो, MPSC, PSI, STI, ASO, Talathi, ZP, Police Bharti, SSC, Banking परीक्षेत "Noun नाम" यावर दरवर्षी 4-5 प्रश्न हमखास येतात. Countable/Uncountable, Collective Noun, Plural Rules, One of the, News/Mathematics, A number of/The number of हे Most Imp टॉपिक आहेत. ही 5100+ शब्दांची संपूर्ण नोट्स वाचून 100% मार्क मिळवा.

1. नाम Noun - मूलभूत संकल्पना 1 Min मध्ये

व्याख्या: वाक्यात कोणत्याही व्यक्ती, प्राणी, वस्तू, स्थान, कल्पना, गुण, किंवा अवस्थेचे नाव दाखवणाऱ्या शब्दाला 'नाम Noun' म्हणतात. नामाला 'Naming Word' असेही म्हणतात.

उदा: Mahatma Gandhi (व्यक्ती), Maharashtra (स्थान), Lion (प्राणी), Book (वस्तू), Honesty (गुण), Army (समूह), Gold (पदार्थ), Childhood (अवस्था).

MPSC Trick: कोणत्याही शब्दापुढे "कोण/काय" हा प्रश्न विचारला व अर्थपूर्ण उत्तर मिळाले तर तो शब्द नाम आहे.
प्रश्न: कोण आला? उत्तर: Ram - म्हणून Ram हे नाम आहे.
प्रश्न: काय सुंदर आहे? उत्तर: Flower - म्हणून Flower हे नाम आहे.

2. नामाचे 8 मुख्य प्रकार - प्रत्येक 1 Mark साठी

A. Proper Noun व्यक्तिवाचक नाम - MPSC Hot

एखाद्या विशिष्ट व्यक्ती, प्राणी, वस्तू, स्थान, दिवस, महिना, सण, पुस्तक, संस्था, पर्वत, नदी याचे नाव. हे नेहमी मोठ्या अक्षराने Capital Letter सुरू होते.

उदाहरणे: Narendra Modi, The Ganga, January, Diwali, The Ramayana, Google, India, Himalaya, Pacific Ocean, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar.

महत्वाचा नियम: एकापेक्षा जास्त शब्द असतील तर प्रत्येक महत्त्वाच्या शब्दाचे पहिले अक्षर Capital.
उदा: The Times of India, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, United Nations Organization.
पण: of, the, and, in, at हे छोटे शब्द Capital नसतात, वाक्याच्या सुरुवातीला सोडून.

B. Common Noun जातिवाचक नाम

एकाच जातीच्या/प्रकारच्या सामान्य व्यक्ती किंवा वस्तूचे नाव. हे विशिष्ट नसते. Small letter ने सुरू होते.

उदा: man, woman, city, river, state, book, teacher, student, boy, girl, country, animal.

Proper vs Common: Mumbai - Proper Noun, City - Common Noun.
Ganga - Proper Noun, River - Common Noun.
प्रत्येक Proper Noun ला एक Common Noun असते.

C. Collective Noun समुच्चयवाचक नाम - MPSC साठी अतिमहत्वाचे

व्यक्ती, प्राणी किंवा वस्तूंच्या समूहाला एकाच नावाने संबोधले जाते. समूह एक मानला जातो म्हणून Singular असते.

समूह	Collective Noun	समूह	Collective Noun
गायी/हत्ती	A herd of cattle/elephants	मेंढ्या/पक्षी	A flock of sheep/birds
मधमाश्या	A swarm of bees	सिंह	A pride of lions
लांडगे	A pack of wolves	मासे	A shoal/school of fish
खेळाडू	A team of players	सैनिक	An army of soldiers
न्यायाधीश	A bench of judges	मंत्री	A cabinet of ministers
चोर	A gang of thieves	फुले	A bouquet of flowers
किल्ल्या	A bunch of keys	जहाजे	A fleet of ships
पुस्तके	A library/pile of books	मोती	A string of pearls
पायऱ्या	A flight of stairs	द्राक्षे	A bunch of grapes

MPSC Rule: Collective Noun + Verb
1. समूह एक म्हणून काम करतोय - Singular Verb: The team is winning. The jury has given verdict.
2. समूहातील सदस्य वेगवेगळे काम करतायत - Plural Verb: The team are arguing among themselves. The jury were divided in their opinions.

D. Material Noun द्रव्यवाचक नाम

ज्या पदार्थापासून इतर वस्तू बनवल्या जातात. हे मोजता येत नाहीत, फक्त मापता येतात. Weight, Litre, Kg ने मोजतात. Uncountable असतात.

उदा: gold, silver, iron, copper, wood, plastic, milk, water, sugar, rice, sand, tea, coffee, oil, wheat, cotton.

महत्वाचा नियम: 1. Material Noun च्या आधी a/an/the वापरत नाहीत. Gold is precious. ✅ A gold ❌
2. पण विशिष्ट केल्यास 'the' वापरतात. The gold of this ring is pure. इथे 'gold' Common Noun झाले.
3. Material Noun चे Plural होत नाही. Waters ❌ पण Water ✅. अपवाद: Waters = समुद्र.

E. Abstract Noun भाववाचक नाम

ज्या गोष्टींना आपण पाहू, स्पर्श करू शकत नाही, फक्त अनुभवू शकतो. भावना, गुण, अवस्था, क्रिया, शास्त्र, कला. Uncountable असतात.

उदा: honesty, bravery, wisdom, love, hatred, youth, childhood, death, slavery, music, science, beauty, strength, laughter, poverty.

Abstract Noun बनवणे - MPSC Imp:

1. Adjective पासून: Kind-Kindness, Wise-Wisdom, Poor-Poverty, Strong-Strength, True-Truth, Honest-Honesty, Brave-Bravery, Beautiful-Beauty
2. Verb पासून: Laugh-Laughter, Live-Life, Know-Knowledge, Advise-Advice, Die-Death, Arrive-Arrival, Depart-Departure
3. Common Noun पासून: Friend-Friendship, Child-Childhood, King-Kingdom, Slave-Slavery, Man-Manhood, Mother-Motherhood

3. नामाची वचने Number - MPSC च्या 12 नियम + 50 अपवाद

Singular: एक संख्या. Boy, Pen, City.
Plural: एकापेक्षा जास्त. Boys, Pens, Cities.

A. Plural बनवण्याचे 12 नियम + MPSC अपवाद

नियम	Singular	Plural	अपवाद MPSC Imp
1. +s	Cat, Book, Pen	Cats, Books, Pens	-
2. s,ss,sh,ch,x,z,o +es	Bus, Bush, Box, Hero, Mango	Buses, Bushes, Boxes, Heroes, Mangoes	Photo-Photos, Piano-Pianos, Dynamo-Dynamos, Radio-Radios, Ratio-Ratios, Studio-Studios
3. व्यंजन + y = ies	Baby, City, Army, Lady	Babies, Cities, Armies, Ladies	स्वर + y = s. Boy-Boys, Key-Keys, Day-Days, Toy-Toys
4. f/fe = ves	Wife, Knife, Leaf, Thief, Wolf	Wives, Knives, Leaves, Thieves, Wolves	Roof-Roofs, Chief-Chiefs, Gulf-Gulfs, Proof-Proofs, Safe-Safes, Cliff-Cliffs
5. स्वर बदलून	Man, Woman, Foot, Tooth, Goose, Mouse	Men, Women, Feet, Teeth, Geese, Mice	-
6. en/ren जोडून	Child, Ox	Children, Oxen	-
7. Singular=Plural	Sheep, Deer, Fish, Series, Species	Sheep, Deer, Fish, Series, Species	Fishes = माशांचे वेगवेगळे प्रकार
8. फक्त Plural	-	Scissors, Trousers, Spectacles, Tongs, Alms, Thanks, Riches	A pair of scissors
9. लॅटिन शब्द	Datum, Radius, Formula, Axis, Crisis	Data, Radii, Formulae, Axes, Crises	Agendum-Agenda, Medium-Media
10. Compound Noun	Son-in-law, Passer-by, Man-servant	Sons-in-law, Passers-by, Men-servants	मुख्य शब्द Plural करा

4. Countable & Uncountable Nouns - MPSC साठी

Countable Nouns गणनीय	Uncountable Nouns अगणनीय
1. मोजता येतात: one book, two pens	1. मोजता येत नाही: water, milk, sugar
2. a/an वापरतो: a book, an apple	2. a/an वापरत नाही: an advice ❌ advice ✅
3. Many/Few/A few: many books	3. Much/Little/A little: much water
4. Plural होते: books, cities	4. Plural होत नाही: informations ❌ information ✅
5. How many? books	5. How much? water

MPSC मध्ये वारंवार विचारले जाणारे Uncountable Nouns - पाठ करा:
Advice, Information, Furniture, Luggage, Baggage, Work, Money, Poetry, Scenery, News, Equipment, Machinery, Bread, Hair, Knowledge, Progress, Traffic, Weather, Music, Evidence, Jewellery, Homework.
योग्य वापर: A piece of information, An item of furniture, A loaf of bread, A strand of hair, A piece of advice.
चुकीचे: An advice ❌ Many informations ❌ Two breads ❌

5. नामाची लिंगे Gender - 25 महत्वाचे

1. Masculine पुल्लिंग: boy, king, lion, husband, nephew, drone, tiger, prince
2. Feminine स्त्रीलिंग: girl, queen, lioness, wife, niece, bee, tigress, princess
3. Common Gender: teacher, student, doctor, friend, parent, cousin, child, baby
4. Neuter Gender: table, book, house, gold, tree, mountain

MPSC साठी 30 महत्वाचे Masculine-Feminine

Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Actor	Actress	Poet	Poetess
Prince	Princess	Host	Hostess
Hero	Heroine	Waiter	Waitress
Lion	Lioness	Tiger	Tigress
Bull	Cow	Cock	Hen
Horse	Mare	Dog	Bitch
Gander	Goose	Drake	Duck
Monk	Nun	Wizard	Witch
Stag	Hind	Buck	Doe
Ram	Ewe	Boar	Sow

6. नामाची विभक्ती Case

1. Nominative Case कर्ता: वाक्यात कर्ता म्हणून काम करणारे नाम.
Ram killed Ravana.
2. Objective Case कर्म: क्रियापदाचे कर्म. Ram killed Ravana.
3. Possessive Case षष्ठी: मालकी दाखवते. 's किंवा of.
Ram's book. The leg of the table.

Rule: निर्जीव वस्तूसाठी 's वापरत नाहीत. Table's leg ❌ The leg of the table ✅
अपवाद: वेळ, वजन, अंतर साठी चालते. A day's work, A pound's weight, A mile's distance.

7. MPSC PYQ मधील 20 महत्वाचे नियम व चुका

1. The + Adjective = Plural Common Noun: The rich are not always happy. The blind need help.
2. News, Mathematics, Physics, Innings, Politics, Ethics, Economics - दिसायला Plural पण Singular. The news is good. Mathematics is difficult.
3. Cattle, People, Police, Gentry, Peasantry, Vermin, Clergy - नेहमी Plural. The cattle are grazing. The police have arrived.
4. One of the + Plural Noun + Singular Verb: One of the students is absent. ✅ are ❌
5. Each/Every/Either/Neither + Singular Noun + Singular Verb: Each student has a book. Neither of the two boys is present.
6. A number of = Many + Plural Verb: A number of students were present.
   The number of = Singular Verb: The number of students is large.
7. Many a + Singular Noun + Singular Verb: Many a student is absent. ✅ are ❌
8. Verb + ing = Gerund = Abstract Noun: Swimming is a good exercise. Reading makes a man perfect.
9. Compound Noun: मुख्य शब्द Plural करा. Son-in-law → Sons-in-law. Passer-by → Passers-by. Man-servant → Men-servants.
10. Dozen, Hundred, Thousand, Million: विशिष्ट संख्या असेल तर s लागत नाही. Two hundred rupees. ✅ Two hundreds ❌
    पण अनिश्चित असेल तर s लागतो. Hundreds of people, Millions of stars.
11. Some Nouns चे 2 Plural वेगळ्या अर्थाने:
    Brother - Brothers सख्खे भाऊ, Brethren धर्मबंधू.
    Cloth - Cloths कापडाचे तुकडे, Clothes कपडे.
    Index - Indexes पुस्तकातील सूची, Indices गणितातील घातांक.
12. Furniture, Luggage, Baggage, Information, Advice, Work, Poetry, Scenery - Uncountable. A furniture ❌ A piece of furniture ✅
13. Hair: केस Uncountable. His hair is black. ✅ are ❌
    पण: A hair = एक केस. I found a hair in my food.
14. People = लोक Plural: Many people areare coming.
    Peoples = अनेक जमाती: The peoples of India = भारतातील विविध जमाती.
15. Fish = Singular & Plural: I caught five fish.
    Fishes = वेगवेगळ्या जातीचे मासे: Fishes of the Indian Ocean.
16. Alphabet: Singular. The English alphabet has 26 letters. ✅ have ❌
17. Word: Countable. He said a word.
    Words: Plural. He said many words.
    Word: Uncountable = बोलणे/वचन. I give you my word.
18. Force = ताकद Uncountable: He has much force.
    Forces = सैन्य Countable: The armed forces are ready.
19. Practice = Noun सराव: Practice makes a man perfect.
    Practise = Verb सराव करणे: You must practise daily.
20. Advice = Noun सल्ला Uncountable: He gave me a piece of advice.
    Advise = Verb सल्ला देणे: He advised me to work hard.

8. MPSC सराव प्रश्न 35 MCQ with Explanation

1. `A ___ of worshippers` रिकाम्या जागी काय येईल?
   A) group B) congregation C) herd D) crowd
   Ans: B उपासकांचा समूह = Congregation.
2. Plural of `Mouse` Computer साठी?
   A) Mice B) Mouses C) Mouse D) Meese
   Ans: B Computer Mouse चे Plural Mouses. प्राणी Mouse चे Mice.
3. Which is Abstract Noun?
   A) Gold B) Team C) Childhood D) Mumbai
   Ans: C Childhood = अवस्था, दिसत नाही.
4. `The committee ___ unanimous in its decision.`
   A) is B) are C) were D) have
   Ans: A एकमत म्हणून Singular.
5. Feminine of `Drone`?
   A) Queen B) Bee C) Worker D) Doe
   Ans: B Drone = नर मधमाशी, Bee = मादी मधमाशी.
6. Which is Uncountable?
   A) Chair B) Information C) Student D) City
   Ans: B
7. `He gave me a ___ of advice.`
   A) lot B) piece C) many D) few
   Ans: B Advice Uncountable.
8. Plural of `Criterion`?
   A) Criterions B) Criteria C) Criterias D) Criteron
   Ans: B
9. `The news ___ not true.`
   A) are B) were C) is D) have
   Ans: C News Singular.
10. `Mathematics ___ a difficult subject.`
    A) are B) is C) were D) have
    Ans: B
11. `One of my friends ___ a doctor.`
    A) are B) is C) were D) have
    Ans: B One of the + Singular Verb.
12. Plural of `Son-in-law`?
    A) Son-in-laws B) Sons-in-law C) Sons-in-laws D) Son-in-law
    Ans: B
13. `The police ___ caught the thief.`
    A) has B) is C) have D) was
    Ans: C Police Plural.
14. Which is Collective Noun?
    A) Wisdom B) Jury C) Iron D) Mumbai
    Ans: B
15. `Two ___ rupees were found.`
    A) hundreds B) hundred C) hundred of D) hundreds of
    Ans: B विशिष्ट संख्या.
16. `Hundreds of people ___ gathered.`
    A) is B) was C) were D) has
    Ans: C अनिश्चित संख्या.
17. `The English alphabet ___ 26 letters.`
    A) have B) has C) are D) were
    Ans: B Alphabet Singular.
18. `I need a ___ of furniture.`
    A) lot B) piece C) many D) few
    Ans: B
19. `His hair ___ black.`
    A) are B) is C) were D) have
    Ans: B Hair Uncountable Singular.
20. `I found a ___ in my food.`
    A) hair B) hair C) hairs D) piece of hair
    Ans: B एक केस = A hair.
21. `The Indian ___ won the match.`
    A) team B) team C) teams D) team is
    Ans: B Collective Singular.
22. `The team ___ divided in their opinion.`
    A) is B) are C) was D) has
    Ans: B मतभेद = Plural.
23. `Many a man ___ died for freedom.`
    A) have B) has C) are D) were
    Ans: B Many a + Singular.
24. `A number of students ___ absent.`
    A) is B) was C) are D) has
    Ans: C A number of = Plural.
25. `The number of students ___ large.`
    A) are B) is C) were D) have
    Ans: B The number of = Singular.
26. `The rich ___ not always happy.`
    A) is B) are C) was D) has
    Ans: B The + Adjective = Plural.
27. `The French ___ a brave nation.`
    A) is B) are C) was D) has
    Ans: B The + Nationality = Plural.
28. `The cattle ___ grazing.`
    A) is B) are C) was D) has
    Ans: B Cattle Plural.
29. `The peasantry ___ poor.`
    A) is B) are C) was D) has
    Ans: B Peasantry Plural.
30. `Bread and butter ___ my breakfast.`
    A) are B) is C) were D) have
    Ans: B एक पदार्थ म्हणून Singular.
31. `The horse and carriage ___ at the door.`
    A) is B) are C) was D) has
    Ans: B दोन वेगळ्या वस्तू Plural.
32. `Politics ___ my favourite subject.`
    A) are B) is C) were D) have
    Ans: B Politics = एक विषय Singular.
33. `His politics ___ corrupt.`
    A) is B) are C) was D) has
    Ans: B Politics = राजकीय विचार Plural.
34. `Two-thirds of the city ___ in ruins.`
    A) is B) is C) are D) were
    Ans: B City Singular.
35. `Two-thirds of the students ___ absent.`
    A) is B) are C) was D) has
    Ans: B Students Plural.

9. 50 Important Nouns - Singular/Plural Confusion

Noun	Type	Verb	Example
News	Singular	is	The news is good.
Mathematics	Singular	is	Mathematics is easy.
Police	Plural	are/have	The police have arrived.
Cattle	Plural	are	The cattle are grazing.
People	Plural	are	Many people are poor.
Furniture	Uncountable	is	The furniture is new.
Scissors	Plural	are	The scissors are sharp.
Trousers	Plural	are	My trousers are new.
Spectacles	Plural	are	Where are my spectacles?
Gentry	Plural	are	The gentry are rich.

10. निष्कर्ष - Final Revision 10 Points

Noun हा English Grammar चा पाया आहे. 8 प्रकार, Plural चे 12 नियम, Countable/Uncountable, Gender चे 30 जोड्या, Case चे 3 प्रकार हे MPSC, Police Bharti, Talathi साठी 100% महत्वाचे. One of the + Singular Verb, Each/Every + Singular, News/Mathematics Singular, Police/Cattle Plural हे 10 Golden Rules पाठ करा.

Golden Points for Exam - 1 दिवस आधी वाचा:
1. Collective Noun: एक म्हणून काम = Singular. वेगवेगळे = Plural. The team is/are.
2. Material & Abstract Noun: Uncountable. A/An नाही. Plural नाही. Advice, Information, Furniture, Gold.
3. One of the + Plural Noun + Singular Verb: One of the boys is.
4. Each/Every/Either/Neither + Singular: Each student has.
5. A number of = Plural: A number of students are. The number of = Singular: The number of students is.
6. Many a + Singular: Many a student is.
7. Hundred, Thousand: Two hundred rupees. ✅ Two hundreds ❌ पण Hundreds of people ✅
8. Data = Plural, Datum = Singular: The data are correct.
9. Agenda = Plural, Agendum = Singular: The agenda is ready.
10. The + Adjective = Plural: The rich are not happy. The poor need help.

All The Best For MPSC, PSI, Talathi, Police Bharti, ZP 🇮🇳
Visit: www.visiongovacademy.online
Telegram Join करा: @VisionGovAcademy
English Grammar चे 100% Free Notes साठी Website Bookmark करा.
जय हिंद! जय महाराष्ट्र! 📚